Appendix A


History of Satellite Breakups by Event Date
[Anz-Meador 2001 & ODPO 2002]


Satellite Name
Event Date
Quantity of Debris Catalogued
Assessed Cause
TRANSIT 4A R/B
29 June 1961
296
 Propulsion: ABLESTAR Stage
SPUTNIK 29
29 Oct. 1962
24
 Propulsion: MOLNIYA Final Stage
ATLAS CENTAUR 2
27 Nov. 1963
19
 Propulsion: Centaur Stage
COSMOS 50
05 Nov. 1964
96
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 57
22 Feb. 1965
167
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 61-63 R/B
15 Mar. 1965
147
 Unknown
OV2-1LCS 2 R/B
15 Oct. 1965
470
 Propulsion: Titan Transtage
COSMOS 95
15 Jan. 1966
1
 Unknown
OPS 3031
15 Feb. 1966
38
 Unknown
GEMINI 9 R/B
Mid June 1966
51
 Unknown
AS-203
05 July 1966
34
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS U-1
17 Sep. 1966
53
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS U-2
02 Nov. 1966
41
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 199
24 Jan. 1968
3
 Deliberate Self Destruct
APOLLO 6 R/B
13 Apr. 1968
16
 Propulsion: Saturn S-IV Stage
COSMOS 249
20 Oct. 1968
108
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 248
1 Nov. 1968
5
 Deliberate Debris Impact
COSMOS 252
1 Nov. 1968
139
 Deliberate Self Destruct
METEOR 1-1 R/B
28 Mar. 1969
37
 Unknown
INTELSAT 3 R/B
26 July 1969
23
 Propulsion: TE 364-4 Stage
OPS 7613 R/B
04 Oct. 1969
259
 Unknown
NIMBUS 4 R/B
17 Oct. 1970

23 Jan. 1985

17 Dec. 1985

02 Sep. 1986

23 Dec. 1991
372

2

3

2

5

 Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown
COSMOS 374
23 Oct. 1970
102
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 375
30 Oct. 1970
47
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 397
25 Feb. 1971
116
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 462
03 Dec. 1971
25
 Deliberate Self Destruct
SALYUT 2 R/B
03 Apr. 1973
25
 Propulsion: Proton-K Second Stage
COSMOS 554
06 May 1973
195
 Deliberate Self Destruct
NOAA 3 R/B
28 Dec. 1973
197
 Propulsion: Delta Second Stage
COSMOS 699
17 Apr. 1975

02 Aug. 1975
50
 Unknown

Unknown
LANDSAT 1 R/B
22 May 1975
226
 Propulsion: Delta Second Stage
PAGEOS
12 July 1975

20 Jan. 1976

10 Sep. 1976

Mid Jun. 1978

Mid Sep. 1984

Mid Dec. 1985
79

UNK

UNK

UNK

UNK

UNK

 Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown
NOAA 4
20 Aug. 1975
146
 Propulsion: Delta Second Stage
COSMOS 758
06 Sep. 1975
76
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 777
25 Jan. 1976
62
 Unknown
LANDSAT 2 R/B
09 Feb. 1976

19 June 1976
206

UNK

 Propulsion: Delta 2nd Stage

Propulsion: Delta 2nd Stage
COSMOS 844
25 July 1976
248
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 886
27 Dec.1976
76
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 884
29 Dec. 1976
2
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 862
15 Mar. 1977
11
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 838
17 May 1977
40
 Unknown
HIMAWARI 1 R/B
14 July 1977
169
 Propulsion: Delta Second Stage
COSMOS 839
29 Sep. 1977
69
 Battery
COSMOS 931
24 Oct. 1977
6
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 970
21 Dec. 1977
70
 Deliberate Self Destruct
NOAA 5 R/B
24 Dec. 1977
159
 Propulsion: Delta Second Stage
COSMOS 903
08 June 1978
2
 Deliberate Self Destruct
EKRAN 2
23 June 1978
2
 Battery
COSMOS 1030
10 Oct. 1978
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 880
27 Nov. 1978
50
 Battery
COSMOS 917
30 Mar. 1979
1
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1124
09 Sep. 1979
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1094
17 Sep. 1979
1
 Unknown
COSMOS 1109
Mid Feb. 1980
9
 Deliberate Self Destruct
CAT R/B
Apr. 1980
13
 Unknown
COSMOS 1174
18 Apr. 1980
46
 Deliberate Self Destruct
LANDSAT 3 R/B
27 Jan. 1981
210
 Propulsion: Delta Second Stage
COSMOS 1261
Apr/May 1981
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1191
14 May 1981
3
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1167
15 July 1981
12
 Unknown
COSMOS 1275
24 July 1981
305
 Battery
COSMOS 1305 R/B
11 Sep. 1981
8
 Propulsion: MOLNIYA Final Stage
COSMOS 1247
20 Oct. 1981
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1285
21 Nov. 1981
8
 Deliberate Self Destruct
NIMBUS 7 R/B
26 Dec. 1981
1
 Unknown
COSMOS 1260
08 May 1982

10 Aug. 1982
68

UNK

 Unknown

Unknown
COSMOS 1220
20 June 1982
81
 Unknown
COSMOS 1306
12 July 1982

18 Sep. 1982
8

UNK

 Unknown

Unknown
COSMOS 1286
29 Sep. 1982
2
 Unknown
COSMOS 1423 R/B
08 Dec. 1982
29
 Propulsion: MOLNIYA Final Stage
COSMOS 1217
12 Feb. 1983
3
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1481
09 July 1983
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1355
08 Aug. 1983

01 Feb. 1984

20 Feb. 1984
29

UNK

UNK

 Unknown

Unknown

Unknown
COSMOS 1456
13 Aug. 1983
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1405
20 Dec. 1983
32
 Unknown
COSMOS 1317
Late Jan. 1984
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
WESTAR 6 R/B
03 Feb. 1984
14
 Propulsion: PAM-D Upper Stage
PALAPA B2 R/B
06 Feb. 1984
3
 Propulsion: PAM-D Upper Stage
ASTRON UM
03 Sep. 1984
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 1461
11 Mar. 1985

13 May 1985
159

UNK

 Unknown

Unknown
COSMOS 1654
21 June 1985
18
 Deliberate Self Destruct
P-78
13 Sep. 1985
285
 Deliberate Impact
COSMOS 1375
21 Oct. 1985
60
 Battery
COSMOS 1691
22 Nov. 1985
14
 Battery
COSMOS 1714 R/B
28 Nov. 1985
2
 Propulsion: Zenit Second Stage
NOAA 8
30 Dec. 1985
7
 Battery
COSMOS 1588
23 Feb. 1986
45
 Unknown
USA 19 & R/B
05 Sep. 1986
18
 Deliberate Impact
SPOT 1/VIKING R/B
13 Nov. 1986
488
 Unknown
COSMOS 1278
Early Dec. 1986
3
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1682
18 Dec. 1986
23
 Unknown
COSMOS 1813
29 Jan. 1987
194
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1866
26 July 1987
9
 Deliberate Self Destruct
AUSSAT/ECS R/B
Mid Sep.1987
4
 Unknown
COSMOS 1769
21 Sep. 1987
4
 Unknown
COSMOS 1646
20 Nov. 1987
24
 Unknown
COSMOS 1823
17 Dec. 1987
113
 Battery
COSMOS 1656 UM
05 Jan. 1988
6
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 1906
31 Jan. 1988
37
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1916
27 Feb. 1988
1
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1045 R/B
09 May 1988
48
 Unknown
COSMOS 2030
28 July 1989
1
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 2031
31 Aug. 1989
9
 Deliberate Self Destruct
FENGYUN 1-2 R/B
04 Oct. 1990
83
 Propulsion: CZ-4 Final Stage
COSMOS 2101
30 Nov. 1990
4
 Deliberate Self Destruct
USA 68
01 Dec. 1990
28
 Propulsion: TE-M-364-15 Upper Stage
COSMOS 1519-1521 UM
04 Feb. 1991
6
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2125-2132 R/B
05 Mar. 1991
86
 Propulsion: COSMOS Second Stage
NIMBUS 6 R/B
01 May 1991
240
 Propulsion: Delta Second Stage
COSMOS 2163
06 Dec. 1991
1
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1710-1712 UM
29 Dec. 1991
12
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
OV2-5 R/B
21 Feb. 1992
3
 Unknown
COSMOS 2054 UM
July 1992
9
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 1603 UM
05 Sep. 1992
22
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
GORIZONT 17 UM
17-18 Dec. 1992
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2227 R/B
26 Dec. 1992

30 Dec. 1992
219
 Propulsion: Zenit-2 2nd Stage

Propulsion: Zenit-2 2nd Stage
GORIZONT 18 UM
12 Jan. 1993
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2225
18 Feb. 1993
6
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 2237 R/B
28 Mar. 1993
29
 Propulsion: Zenit-2 2nd Stage
TELECOM 2B/ INMARSAT 2 R/B
21 Apr. 1993
11
 Unknown
COSMOS 2243
27 Apr. 1993
1
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 2259
25 July 1993
1
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1484
18 Oct. 1993
48
 Unknown
COSMOS 2262
18 Dec. 1993
0
 Deliberate Self Destruct
CLEMINTINE R/B
07 Feb. 1994
0
 Unknown
ASTRA 1B/MOP 2 R/B
27 Apr. 1994
5
 Unknown
COSMOS 2133 UM
07 May 1994
3
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2204-2206 UM
08 Nov. 1994
3
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2238
01 Dec. 1994
1
 Unknown
RS-15 R/B
26 Dec. 1994
23
 Unknown
ETS-VI R/B
31 Mar. 1995
1
 Aerodynamic Loading
ELEKTRO UM
11 May 1995
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2282 UM
21 Oct. 1995
2
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
GORIZONT 22 UM
14 Dec. 1995
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
RADUGA 33 R/B
19 Feb. 1996
2
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
ITALSAT1/ EUTELSAT2 R/B
01 May 1996
8
 Unknown
PEGASUS HAPS II R/B
03 June 1996
704
 Propulsion
CERISE
24 July 1996
2
 Collision
COSMOS 1883-1885 UM
01 Dec. 1996
14
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
EKRAN 17 UM
22 May 1997
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2313
26 June 1997
13
 Unknown
COSMOS 2343
16 Sep. 1997
1
 Deliberate Self Destruct
COSMOS 1869
27 Nov. 1997
2
 Unknown
COSMOS 1172
23 Dec. 1997
2
 Aerodynamic Loading
ASIASAT 3 R/B
25 Dec. 1997
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
MOLNIYA 3-16
05 Feb. 1998
1
 Aerodynamic Loading
ELEKTRON 1-2 R/B
13 Feb. 1998
2
 Aerodynamic Loading
METEOR 2-16 R/B
15 Feb. 1998
79
 Unknown
SKYNET 4B/ASTRA 1A R/B
17 Feb. 1998
7
 Unknown
COMETS
21 Feb. 1998
1
 Propulsion: H-II Second Stage
COSMOS 2109-2111 UM
14 Mar. 1998
2
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
MOLNIYA 3-16 R/B
July 1998
1
 Aerodynamic Loading
COSMOS 1987-1989
03 Aug. 1998
7
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 1650-1652 UM
29 Nov. 1998
2
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 1970-1972 UM
09 Mar. 1999
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2079-2081 UM
28 Mar. 1999
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2053 R/B
18 Apr. 1999
26
 Unknown
COSMOS 2157-2162 R/B
09 Oct. 1999
34
 Unknown
COSMOS 2347
22 Nov. 1999
9
 Unknown
GORIZONT 32 UM
13 Dec. 1999
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
CBERS-1/SACI-1 R/B
11 Mar. 2000
>300
 Propulsion: Long March 4 Third Stage
MOLNIYA 3-36 & R/B
19 May 2000

28 June 2000
2
 Aerodynamic Loading

Aerodynamic Loading
GORIZONT 29 UM
06 Sep. 2000
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2316-2318 UM
21 Nov. 2000
1
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
INTELSAT 515 R/B
01 Jan. 2001
6
 Unknown
MOLNIYA 3-26
21 Feb. 2001
1
 Aerodynamic Loading
COSMOS 1701
29 Apr. 2001
>10
 Aerodynamic Loading
COSMOS 2139-2141
16 June 2001
> 31
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
GORIZONT 27
14 July 2001
> 14
 Propulsion: Proton-K SOZ Motor
COSMOS 2367
21 Nov. 2001
> 200
 Unknown
MOLNIYA 3-35
14 Dec. 2001
24
 Aerodynamic Loading
INDIAN PSLV
19 Dec. 2001
> 300
 Propulsion
INTELSAT 6d1 R/B
24 Dec. 2001
Several
 Unknown

Abbreviations:R/B = Rocket Body, UM = Ullage Motor, UNK = Unknown Quantity/Safe Assumption at >1

Causes:Propulsion = Non-compliance with passivation, Battery = Non-compliance with passivation,

Deliberate = Non-compliance with collision or intentional break-up prohibitions.